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OALib Journal期刊

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The Optimal Inventory Policy of Production Management  [PDF]
Shou-Mei Su, Shy-Der Lin
Engineering (ENG) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/eng.2013.55A002
Abstract: The traditional Economic Production Quantity (EPQ) assumes that the replenishments are instantaneous and the relevant cost only consists of setup cost, stock-holding cost of the finished goods and the purchasing cost of raw materials. As a manager of a manufactory, there is a problem that must be taken into consideration. If the establishment buys all of the raw materials at the beginning, the stock-holding cost for the raw materials should be accounted into the relevant cost. The main purpose of this paper will add the stock-holding cost of raw materials to the EPQ model. Base on this new modified EPQ model, two more useful models are established. One of the new models contains the reusable raw materials instead of the raw materials. The other one considers the stock-holding cost of the raw materials and the imperfect-quality items are considered. We present the optimal cycle length from each of these three models.
Optimal Inventory Policy of Production Management: A Present Value Framework  [PDF]
Li-Fen Chang, Shou-Mei Su, Shy-Der Lin
Engineering (ENG) , 2013, DOI: 10.4236/eng.2013.56067
Abstract: The classical economic production quantity (EPQ) assumes that the replenishments are instantaneous. As a manager of a factory, there is a problem must be taken into consideration. If the establishment buys all of the raw materials at the beginning, the stock-holding cost for the raw materials should be counted into the relevant costs. So the main purpose of this paper will add the raw materials stock-holding cost to the EPQ model and take the time value of money into consideration. Therefore, we will calculate the present value and compare the difference between take and does not take the time value of money into consideration. From these procedures of calculating, we found some interesting results: 1) the present value of total stock-holding cost of raw materials plus products from the beginning to time t is the same as the stock-holding cost of classical economic order quantity (EOQ) model; 2) the present value of total relevant cost is independent of the production rate (if the production rate is greater than the demand rate); 3) the optimal cycle time of total relevant cost not taking the time value into consideration is the same the optimal cycle time of classical EOQ model; 4) the purchasing cost per unit time is irrelevant to time.
The Optimal Inventory Policy for Reusable Items with Random Planning Horizon Considering Present Value  [PDF]
Shou-Mei Su, Shy-Der Lin, Li-Fen Chang
Applied Mathematics (AM) , 2014, DOI: 10.4236/am.2014.52030
Abstract:

We discuss five areas of inventory model, including reusable raw material, EPQ model, optimization, random planning horizon and present value. In the traditional EPQ model, the stock-holding cost of raw material was not counted as a part of relevant cost. We explored the possibility of reducing a company’s impact on the environment and increasing their competitiveness by recycling their repair and waste disposal. The products are manufactured with reusable raw material. Our analysis takes into account the time value, and the present value method is applied to determine the optimal inventory policies for reusable items with random planning horizon. Results show how the heuristic approach can achieve global optimum. Numerical examples are given to validate the proposed system.

EPQ Policies Considering the Holding Cost of Raw Materials with Two-Level Trade Credit under Alternate Due Date of Payment and Limited Storage Capacity  [PDF]
Ghi-Feng Yen, Shy-Der Lin, An-Kuo Lee
Open Access Library Journal (OALib Journal) , 2018, DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1105041
Abstract:
The traditional Economic Production Quantity (EPQ) model focused on production process, used the ordering cost that includes relevant costs during the pre-production process. But, the ordering cost comprises the holding of raw materials that would affected by other factors would increase the total relevant cost, it cannot simply use the ordering cost to cover all. Therefore, this paper presents a new inventory model by considering the holding of raw materials under conditions of two-level trade credit under alternate due date of payment and limited storage capacity. According to cost-minimization strategy it develops four theorems to characterize the optimal solutions. Finally, it executes the sensitivity analysis and investigates the effects of the parameters in the annual total relevant costs.
EPQ Policies Considering the Holding Cost of Raw Materials under Conditions of Two-Level Trade Credit and Limited Storage Capacity  [PDF]
Ghi-Feng Yen, Shy-Der Lin, An-Kuo Lee
Open Access Library Journal (OALib Journal) , 2019, DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1105140
Abstract:
The economic production quantity model is widely used as a decision making tool. However, climate change and energy supply instability have raised the transport costs of raw materials, thereby affecting production costs. Therefore, this paper presents a new model that considers the holding costs of raw materials under conditions of two-level trade credit and limited storage capacity. Four theorems are developed to characterize the optimal solutions according to a cost-minimization strategy. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is executed to investigate the effects of the various parameters on ordering policies and the annual total relevant costs.
Optimal Economic Production Quantity Policies Considering the Holding Cost of Deteriorating Raw Materials under Two-Level Trade Credit and Limited Storage Capacity  [PDF]
Ghi-Feng Yen, Shy-Der Lin, An-Kuo Lee
Open Access Library Journal (OALib Journal) , 2019, DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1105794
Abstract:
The traditional economic production quantity (EPQ) model assumes that raw materials are supplied timely. But during the production and transport process of raw materials could change the holding cost of raw materials, therefore, they should be considered in the total relevant cost. [1] combined [2]’s concept of holding cost of raw materials and [3]’s two-level trade credit and limited storage capacity model to develop innovative and detailed EPQ model that consider the holding cost of non-deteriorating raw materials. It’s closer to the real world. However, in reality, most of the raw materials are deteriorating; it also needs to be considered. Therefore, this research extends [1]’s model to consider the holding cost of deteriorating raw materials. We use cost minimization to develop the total relevant cost and determine the optimal cycle time by four theorems. Finally, we use sensitivity analyses to investigate the effects of the parameters on ordering policies.
EPQ Inventory Model for Deteriorating Raw Materials with Two-Level Trade Credit and Limited Storage Capacity under Alternate Due Date of Payment  [PDF]
Ghi-Feng Yen, Shy-Der Lin, An-Kuo Lee
Open Access Library Journal (OALib Journal) , 2019, DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1105795
Abstract:
Economic production quantity (EPQ) research has typically focused on the cost of production processes, but has not employed accurate calculation to assess factors influencing ordering costs, because one of their assumptions is the raw materials that are product timely. However, the production and transport process of raw materials are influencing factors and increase the holding cost of raw materials, either by increasing or reducing the total relevant cost. [1] combined [2]’s concept of holding cost of raw materials and [3]’s two-level trade credit and limited storage capacity model to develop innovative and detailed EPQ model that considers the holding cost of non-deteriorating raw materials to closer to the real world. However, some raw materials have deteriorated should be considered. Therefore, this research extends [1]’s model to consider the holding cost of deteriorating raw materials. Four theorems for determining the optimal cycle time and the total relevant cost were developed using cost minimization. Finally, sensitivity analyses are used to find out the effects of the parameters to determine the ordering policies.
Interchange Sight Distance and Design: Aspects and Implementation  [PDF]
Shy Bassan
Open Journal of Civil Engineering (OJCE) , 2021, DOI: 10.4236/ojce.2021.113021
Abstract: The primary purpose of an interchange is to enable an appropriate level of access to the freeway in a safe and beneficial way to the driver. It improves road safety and traffic operation by reducing or eliminating traffic conflicts that would occur if grade separation were not provided (e.g. intersection). Crossing conflicts are eliminated and turning conflicts are either eliminated or minimized. The paper focuses on sight distance criteria in the geometric design of interchanges and junctions, specifically, implementation of stopping sight distance (SSD) and decision sight distance (DSD). These issues incorporate implementation of sight distance policy for: ramps’ geometric design, ramp terminals’ components, and basic lanes’ reduction. These sight distance criteria can alleviate safety by reducing conflicts and confusion to the driver and by keeping alignment simple, direct, and consistent. Specifically, DSD affects traffic control and intelligent transportation systems applications.
Continuous-wave, singly resonant OPO at 3 μm
S. T. Lin,Y. Y. Lin,Y. C. Huang,A. C. Chiang,J. T. Shy
Physics , 2008,
Abstract: We report a continuous-wave, singly resonant optical parametric oscillator (SRO) at 3.3 \mu m by using a MgO:PPLN crystal as the gain medium and a Yb-fiber laser at 1.064 \mu m as the pump source. At 25-W pump power, the SRO generated 7.4 and 0.2-W powers at 1.57 and 3.3 \mu m, respectively. The 3.3-\mu m SRO has a single-longitudinal-mode output with a ~5-MHz linewidth. We observed thermally induced optical bistability in the SRO due to the slight absorption of the 3.3-\mu m wave in the MgO:PPLN crystal. Pump depletion was clamped at 60% while spectral hole burning was observed in the depleted pump.
Tunable frequency-stabilization of UV laser using a Hallow-Cathode Lamp of atomic thallium
Tzu-Ling Chen,Chang-Yi Lin,Jow-Tsong Shy,Yi-Wei Liu
Physics , 2013, DOI: 10.1364/JOSAB.30.002966
Abstract: A frequency-stabilized ultraviolet laser system, locked to the thallium resonant transition of 377.5 nm, was demonstrated using a novel bichromatic spectroscopy technique for tuning the zero-crossing laser-lock point. The atomic thallium system is a promising candidate in atomic parity violation and permanent electric dipole moment experiments, and its 377.5 nm 6P1/2->7S1/2 transition is important for thallium laser cooling and trapping experiment. The pressure shift, owing to the high pressure bu?er gas of the hollow-cathode lamp, was observed using an atomic beam resonance as reference. Such a shift was corrected by adjusting the peak ratio of the two Doppler-free saturation pro?les resulted from two pumping beams with a 130 MHz frequency di?erence. The resulted frequency stability of the ultraviolet laser is ?0.5 MHz at 0.1 sec integration time. This scheme is compact and versatile for stabilizing UV laser systems, which acquire a sub-MHz stability and frequency tunability.
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